The ancient Phoenician fortified island city of Tyre (in today's Southern Lebanon)
The ancient Phoenician Lebanese city of Tyre has been around for thousands of years. It is one of the few continuously inhabited cities around the world with an uninterrupted history for several millennia. Here are some of what has made Tyre famous through history:
- Ancient Tyre was an island off the Lebanese coast. It was akin to the world capital of its time, a military and trading powerhouse whose sailors roamed the oceans and traded in Africa and Europe, including all the way to the British Isles where they found and extracted tin in Cornwall. Some have suggested the the name "Britain" is derived from Semitic "Barr" for land and "tin" for the metal. The name of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Sicily, Sardinia and the Italian Coast is likely to have originated in the Tyrian colonization of that part of the Mediterranean, as Phoenician sites litter the region, although Westerners continue to refuse to admit an Eastern origin to their civilization (Read Martin Bernal's "Black Athena" to understand the virulent antisemitism - opposing Phoenician, Hebrew and Egyptian origins - of western academia; or Carolina Lopez-Ruiz's Phoenicians and the Making of the Mediterranean).
- It was from the sandy beaches of Tyre that Princess Europa, daughter of King Agenor and Queen Telephassa of Tyre, was kidnapped by Zeus, disguised as a magnificent white bull, and carried across the sea to the island of Crete. The Greeks attribute the birth of the European continent to that story. The word "EUROPE" is derived from Orob, Eurb, or Ghorb, which means "west" or "sunset" in the Phoenician semitic language. On Crete, Zeus gave Europa three sons: Minos (who became King of Crete and founded the Minoan civilization), Rhadamanthys, and Sarpedon. Europa's brothers, including Cadmus (who founded Thebes), Cilix (gave his name to Cilicia, geographical region of southern Anatolia in today's Turkiye), and Phoenix (who gave his name to Phoenicia along the Lebanese coast) were sent to look for her by their father Agenor who told them to return only if they find her. They never did find her, and while she gave her name to the continent, her brothers scattered across the Mediterranean and founded other civilizations.
- Under King Hiram of Tyre (circa 900 BC), the newly arrived tent-dwelling Hebrew desert nomads who slaughtered the Palestinian Canaanites (supposedly on command by the Hebrew god Yahweh) did not know how to build houses. The Hebrew Kings Dawoud (westernized as "David") and Suleiman (westernized as "Solomon") appealed to King Hiram for help. He sent them masons and Lebanese cedar wood, and they built them palaces and the first temple in Jerusalem which was modeled by the Phoenician engineers on the temple of Tyre's Phoenician god Melqart (etymology: Melek Qart or the King of the City). For the Greeks, Melqart was the equivalent of their god Herakles.
- Around 850 BC, Princess Dido (also known as Elissa) fled Tyre with loyal followers and a hoard of gold, after her brother, King Pygmalion, murdered her husband Sychaeus. Sailing straight west, she landed on the Tunisian coast where she founded a new colony she named "Qart Hadasht" (or New City) i.e. Carthage, which became yet another military and trading powerhouse. Carthage's legendary leader Hanibaal (from Han meaning "grace" or "favor", and Baal the supreme Phoenician god, and misspelled in the west as Hannibal) nearly defeated the still nascent Roman empire.
- In 332 BC, Tyre was the only city that put on a stiff resistance to Alexander the Great's rapid advance in the East along the Phoenician coast. For seven months (January to July 332 BC) he besieged it, aided by the other Phoenician cities (Sidon, Beirut, Byblos, Arwad...) that had surrendered to him. He ultimately conquered the island by building a gigantic mole that connected the continent to the island. Over the next millennia, Alexander's mole became silted up and filled with sand, such that when you drive today south along the Lebanese coast, you can see that the highway takes a rightward direction to lead you into the old former-island, now a peninsula, city.
The siege of Tyre by Alexander the Great, January-July 332 BC
In the ongoing conflict between the Iranian militia of Hezbollah and the Zionist Israeli militia, the latter are deliberately targeting Tyre's archaeological sites. During their 1982 invasion and occupation, Israeli archeologists and antiquities thieves stole many of Tyre's treasures.
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Israel orders Tyre residents to evacuate ancient Lebanese city
A city once besieged by Alexander the Great and the Crusaders is now under attack by Israeli forces trying to destroy the Iran-backed militant group Hezbollah.
June 9, 2026
By Zoya Awky and Corky Siemaszko
ZOUK MOSBEH, Lebanon — Residents of this ancient and embattled city were being forced Tuesday to choose between two bitter options: stay and risk getting killed by Israeli airstrikes, or leave and become refugees in their own country.
And for the first time since Israel launched its latest invasion of southern Lebanon to root out Hezbollah, the Israeli evacuation order also includes Al Hara, the historic Christian quarter of this more than 4,700-year-old city.
“I never imagined leaving Al Hara,” Janette Barbour, a married mother of three grown children, told NBC News. “It is a safe area. We are not armed.”
When Israel first began bombarding the Iran-backed militant group Hezbollah’s positions in southern Lebanon earlier this year, most Al Hara residents stayed put even as the war inched closer to Tyre, Barbour said.
“If some of the family members left, because they had medical cases, there were always family members that stayed,” Barbour said. “I told you, it is a safe area.”

Israel orders Tyre residents to evacuate ancient Lebanese city
A city once besieged by Alexander the Great and the Crusaders is now under attack by Israeli forces trying to destroy the Iran-backed militant group Hezbollah.
June 9, 2026
By Zoya Awky and Corky Siemaszko
ZOUK MOSBEH, Lebanon — Residents of this ancient and embattled city were being forced Tuesday to choose between two bitter options: stay and risk getting killed by Israeli airstrikes, or leave and become refugees in their own country.
And for the first time since Israel launched its latest invasion of southern Lebanon to root out Hezbollah, the Israeli evacuation order also includes Al Hara, the historic Christian quarter of this more than 4,700-year-old city.
“I never imagined leaving Al Hara,” Janette Barbour, a married mother of three grown children, told NBC News. “It is a safe area. We are not armed.”
When Israel first began bombarding the Iran-backed militant group Hezbollah’s positions in southern Lebanon earlier this year, most Al Hara residents stayed put even as the war inched closer to Tyre, Barbour said.
“If some of the family members left, because they had medical cases, there were always family members that stayed,” Barbour said. “I told you, it is a safe area.”

Vehicles wait in traffic as people flee Tyre, Lebanon, after Israel's evacuation warning Tuesday.Mahmoud Zayyat / AFP via Getty Images
The Israelis, however, contend that Hezbollah, a Shia Muslim militant group allied with Iran, is using Al Hara as cover to launch rocket and drone attacks on Israel.
So after the Israelis began firing on Tyre, Barbour said she joined the exodus heading north to Beirut, the capital of Lebanon.
“I left this morning with my daughter,” Barbour said, adding that she intends to stay with her brother. “My husband and my son stayed in Al Hara. My son has a cafĂ© in Tyre, and my husband has a restaurant in Tyre port, which is also part of Al Hara. They cannot leave their businesses.”
Many of the older Tyre residents are also staying put, she said.
“They didn’t want to leave their houses,” Barbour said. “Of course I am afraid, especially because part of my family is still there, but you know Al Hara is a neutral area, no political parties, no arms, so we’re hoping that it doesn’t get attacked.”
Founded by the ancient Phoenicians, Tyre has been besieged numerous times, from Alexander the Great to the Crusaders. It has been bombarded repeatedly by the Israelis since 1978.
When it’s not being attacked by military forces, Al Hara has been overrun by waves of tourists coming to admire a section of the city that has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage site, and sample some of the best sandy beaches on the Mediterranean Sea.

The Israelis, however, contend that Hezbollah, a Shia Muslim militant group allied with Iran, is using Al Hara as cover to launch rocket and drone attacks on Israel.
So after the Israelis began firing on Tyre, Barbour said she joined the exodus heading north to Beirut, the capital of Lebanon.
“I left this morning with my daughter,” Barbour said, adding that she intends to stay with her brother. “My husband and my son stayed in Al Hara. My son has a cafĂ© in Tyre, and my husband has a restaurant in Tyre port, which is also part of Al Hara. They cannot leave their businesses.”
Many of the older Tyre residents are also staying put, she said.
“They didn’t want to leave their houses,” Barbour said. “Of course I am afraid, especially because part of my family is still there, but you know Al Hara is a neutral area, no political parties, no arms, so we’re hoping that it doesn’t get attacked.”
Founded by the ancient Phoenicians, Tyre has been besieged numerous times, from Alexander the Great to the Crusaders. It has been bombarded repeatedly by the Israelis since 1978.
When it’s not being attacked by military forces, Al Hara has been overrun by waves of tourists coming to admire a section of the city that has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage site, and sample some of the best sandy beaches on the Mediterranean Sea.

Smoke rises following an Israeli airstrike in Tyre on Tuesday. Kwant Haju / AFP via Getty Images
A worker at an Al Hara hotel, who asked that neither he nor his workplace be identified for fear of winding up in the crosshairs of an Israeli missile, said most of their guests have fled.
“I have around 10 people in the hotel,” the worker said. “Most of them don’t want to leave Tyre, and the others don’t know where to go.”
The worker said he’s staying put too, but most of his neighbors are gone.
“Mind you, for the first time, many families left Al Hara,” he said. “We are afraid, it’s only human, but we decided to stay.”
Lily Hawila, a 29-year-old English teacher, lives a few miles away from Al Hara in a section of Tyre called Al Houch. She too has fled her city.
“This area was attacked during the 2024 war,” Hawila said. “Our apartment was damaged: shattered glass and broken doors. We fixed it when the ceasefire took place in November 2024. Today I don’t know what happened to our apartment. What I am sure about is that all the buildings of the street and other streets are on the ground.”
When the fighting first started, Hawila said she rented an apartment in the Chouf Mountains northeast of Tyre for her mother and her brother, who now lives in Poland and had come home for a visit.
“My father did not leave Tyre,” Hawila said. “He’s staying with his old mother at Al Bass, which is also an area in Tyre that is not very safe, by the way.”
Sana Abou Zeid, a 50-year-old mother of three grown children, lives in a densely populated section of Tyre called Al-Masaken.
“Every time we get an evacuation order from the Israelis, I go and reside with my children” outside the city, Zeid said. “And when it is safe, we go back home.”
Zeid said her eldest son is serving in the Lebanese army and her youngest son is in high school. They can’t imagine living anywhere else besides Tyre, she said.
“I cannot leave Tyre because my children don’t want to,” Zeid said.
But as Zeid was speaking to a reporter, she received word that her street had been bombed and that eight people were killed.
“We are anxious,” Zeid said. “Let’s hope that we can stay where we are now and not have to be displaced to another area. And let’s hope that we can return home soon.”
Zoya Awky reported from Zouk Mosheh and Corky Siemaszko from New York City.
A worker at an Al Hara hotel, who asked that neither he nor his workplace be identified for fear of winding up in the crosshairs of an Israeli missile, said most of their guests have fled.
“I have around 10 people in the hotel,” the worker said. “Most of them don’t want to leave Tyre, and the others don’t know where to go.”
The worker said he’s staying put too, but most of his neighbors are gone.
“Mind you, for the first time, many families left Al Hara,” he said. “We are afraid, it’s only human, but we decided to stay.”
Lily Hawila, a 29-year-old English teacher, lives a few miles away from Al Hara in a section of Tyre called Al Houch. She too has fled her city.
“This area was attacked during the 2024 war,” Hawila said. “Our apartment was damaged: shattered glass and broken doors. We fixed it when the ceasefire took place in November 2024. Today I don’t know what happened to our apartment. What I am sure about is that all the buildings of the street and other streets are on the ground.”
When the fighting first started, Hawila said she rented an apartment in the Chouf Mountains northeast of Tyre for her mother and her brother, who now lives in Poland and had come home for a visit.
“My father did not leave Tyre,” Hawila said. “He’s staying with his old mother at Al Bass, which is also an area in Tyre that is not very safe, by the way.”
Sana Abou Zeid, a 50-year-old mother of three grown children, lives in a densely populated section of Tyre called Al-Masaken.
“Every time we get an evacuation order from the Israelis, I go and reside with my children” outside the city, Zeid said. “And when it is safe, we go back home.”
Zeid said her eldest son is serving in the Lebanese army and her youngest son is in high school. They can’t imagine living anywhere else besides Tyre, she said.
“I cannot leave Tyre because my children don’t want to,” Zeid said.
But as Zeid was speaking to a reporter, she received word that her street had been bombed and that eight people were killed.
“We are anxious,” Zeid said. “Let’s hope that we can stay where we are now and not have to be displaced to another area. And let’s hope that we can return home soon.”
Zoya Awky reported from Zouk Mosheh and Corky Siemaszko from New York City.